[WinAPI] Ce este o fereastra "top-level"?

Ovidiu Cucu · Post by **Ovidiu Cucu** » 31 Jan 2010, 14:08

Q: Ce este o fereastra top-level?

A: Top-level sunt toate ferestrele care nu sunt child (copil); altfel spus nu au setat stilul WS_CHILD.

Note

spre deosebire de ferestrele copil, o fereastra top-level poate fi afisata oriunde pe ecran;
multe definitii spun ca o fereastra top-level este "o fereastra care nu are parent (parinte)";
este corect dar aceasta poate da nastere la o confuzie: multi cred ca orice fereastra care a fost creata pasand un handle valid in argumentul hWndParent al functiei CreateWindow(Ex) "are un parinte" deci, conform cu definitia, nu este o fereastra top-level;
de fapt, hWndParent poate fi sau un handle la fereastra parinte sau un handle la fereastra owner;
daca hWndParent este un handle valid la o fereastra iar stilul WS_CHILD nu este setat, avem o fereastra top-level "owned";
o fereastra top-level poate fi sau nu owned dar niciodata child; putem spune ca poate avea un owner dar nu poate avea niciodata un parent;
ferestrele top-level pot fi overlapped sau pop-up;
in functiile CreateWindow(Ex), MoveWindow, SetWindowPos etc, cordonatele sunt relative la ecran (screen coordinates);

Exemple

Code: Select all

// create a top-level window (not owned)
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, 
              WS_OVERLAPPED, // WS_CHILD style is not set, so it's a top-level window.
              CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, 
              NULL,          // no handle to the owner, so it's not owned.
              NULL, hInstance, NULL);

Code: Select all

// create a top-level window (owned)
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, 
              WS_OVERLAPPED, // WS_CHILD style is not set, so it's a top-level window
              CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, 
              hWndParent,    // handle to the owner, so it's an owned window
              NULL, hInstance, NULL);

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